Botany MCQs

This extensive collection of Botany MCQs is designed to help you prepare for exams, interviews, and assessments in the field of plant sciences. Covering key topics such as plant physiology, taxonomy, genetics, ecology, and morphology, these questions are crafted to deepen your understanding of botanical concepts and aid in your success across various academic and professional evaluations.

1. Which pigment is responsible for the green color in plants?

A) Carotene
B) Xanthophyll
C) Chlorophyll
D) Anthocyanin

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2. What is the process by which plants make their own food?

A) Respiration
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Germination

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3. Which of the following is a non-vascular plant?

A) Fern
B) Moss
C) Pine
D) Oak

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4. What is the main function of xylem in plants?

A) Transport of water
B) Transport of nutrients
C) Transport of food
D) Photosynthesis

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5. Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?

A) Roots
B) Leaves
C) Stem
D) Flowers

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6. What is the name of the structure where pollen is produced in flowers?

A) Ovary
B) Petal
C) Stamen
D) Pistil

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7. Which plant tissue is responsible for transporting sugars?

A) Phloem
B) Xylem
C) Cambium
D) Cortex

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8. Which of the following is a gymnosperm?

A) Rose
B) Fern
C) Pine
D) Mango

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9. What is the term for a plant that completes its life cycle in one year?

A) Perennial
B) Biennial
C) Annual
D) Epiphyte

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10. What part of the flower becomes the fruit?

A) Sepal
B) Petal
C) Ovary
D) Anther

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11. What is the primary function of roots?

A) Absorption of water and minerals
B) Photosynthesis
C) Reproduction
D) Pollination

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12. Which plant hormone is responsible for promoting stem elongation?

A) Auxin
B) Cytokinin
C) Gibberellin
D) Ethylene

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13. What is the primary function of stomata in leaves?

A) Absorption of sunlight
B) Gas exchange
C) Photosynthesis
D) Water storage

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14. Which type of plant has seeds enclosed within fruits?

A) Gymnosperms
B) Angiosperms
C) Ferns
D) Algae

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15. What is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts?

A) Photosynthesis
B) Respiration
C) Transpiration
D) Germination

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16. Which part of the plant anchors it to the soil?

A) Leaf
B) Stem
C) Root
D) Flower

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17. What are the reproductive organs of angiosperms?

A) Roots
B) Leaves
C) Flowers
D) Stems

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18. Which of the following is an example of a dicot plant?

A) Wheat
B) Corn
C) Rose
D) Bamboo

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19. What is the term for the loss of water vapor from the surface of plant leaves?

A) Photosynthesis
B) Respiration
C) Transpiration
D) Fertilization

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20. Which of the following is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes?

A) Rhizobium
B) Pseudomonas
C) Escherichia
D) Bacillus

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21. Which type of vascular tissue transports water from roots to the leaves?

A) Phloem
B) Cambium
C) Xylem
D) Epidermis

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22. What is the term for the initial growth of a seed?

A) Pollination
B) Germination
C) Fertilization
D) Transpiration

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23. What is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis?

A) Soil
B) Sunlight
C) Water
D) Oxygen

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24. What type of plant hormone is responsible for fruit ripening?

A) Auxin
B) Cytokinin
C) Gibberellin
D) Ethylene

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25. What is the waxy layer on the surface of leaves that helps reduce water loss?

A) Cuticle
B) Epidermis
C) Stomata
D) Mesophyll

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26. Which pigment absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?

A) Chlorophyll
B) Carotene
C) Xanthophyll
D) Anthocyanin

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27. What is the study of plant diseases called?

A) Mycology
B) Phycology
C) Pathology
D) Botany

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28. Which of the following is NOT a function of leaves?

A) Photosynthesis
B) Transpiration
C) Water absorption
D) Gas exchange

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29. Which type of roots grow above the ground?

A) Taproots
B) Fibrous roots
C) Aerial roots
D) Adventitious roots

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30. Which part of the plant is responsible for sexual reproduction?

A) Leaves
B) Roots
C) Flowers
D) Stem

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31. Which structure in the plant cell stores water and maintains turgor pressure?

A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Vacuole
D) Chloroplast

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32. What is the term for a plant that lives for more than two years?

A) Annual
B) Biennial
C) Perennial
D) Ephemeral

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33. Which process describes the fusion of male and female gametes in plants?

A) Germination
B) Pollination
C) Fertilization
D) Transpiration

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34. Which plant hormone inhibits growth and promotes dormancy?

A) Auxin
B) Gibberellin
C) Ethylene
D) Abscisic acid

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35. Which structure protects the young shoot as it grows upward through the soil?

A) Cotyledon
B) Epicotyl
C) Hypocotyl
D) Coleoptile

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36. Which of the following is NOT a photosynthetic organism?

A) Algae
B) Fungi
C) Cyanobacteria
D) Moss

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37. What is the primary function of root hairs?

A) Water absorption
B) Photosynthesis
C) Reproduction
D) Structural support

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38. What type of plant has both male and female reproductive organs on the same individual?

A) Dioecious
B) Monoecious
C) Heterosporous
D) Isogamous

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39. What is the major photosynthetic organ of most plants?

A) Flower
B) Leaf
C) Stem
D) Root

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40. Which of the following is a parasitic plant?

A) Mango
B) Dodder
C) Bamboo
D) Oak

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41. What type of vascular tissue transports food in plants?

A) Xylem
B) Cambium
C) Phloem
D) Pericycle

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42. Which pigment is responsible for the red, blue, and purple colors in plants?

A) Chlorophyll
B) Xanthophyll
C) Anthocyanin
D) Carotene

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43. Which part of the seed is the food storage for the developing plant embryo?

A) Cotyledon
B) Plumule
C) Radicle
D) Seed coat

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44. What is the term for a plant that grows on another plant but is not parasitic?

A) Saprophyte
B) Epiphyte
C) Halophyte
D) Parasite

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45. What is the primary function of the cambium layer in plants?

A) Transporting water
B) Gas exchange
C) Secondary growth
D) Reproduction

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46. What is the term for the opening in the leaf that allows for gas exchange?

A) Stomata
B) Cuticle
C) Epidermis
D) Mesophyll

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47. Which type of roots store food for the plant?

A) Fibrous roots
B) Taproots
C) Aerial roots
D) Adventitious roots

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48. What is the term for the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma?

A) Germination
B) Fertilization
C) Pollination
D) Transpiration

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49. Which part of the leaf contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis?

A) Epidermis
B) Palisade mesophyll
C) Cuticle
D) Guard cells

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50. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen

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51. What type of roots help mangrove trees to breathe in waterlogged soil?

A) Taproots
B) Pneumatophores
C) Aerial roots
D) Fibrous roots

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52. Which part of the flower is responsible for producing seeds?

A) Stamen
B) Pistil
C) Petal
D) Sepal

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53. What is the plant hormone responsible for cell division?

A) Auxin
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid

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54. Which type of plant produces cones instead of flowers?

A) Ferns
B) Mosses
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms

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55. What is the male reproductive organ of a flower called?

A) Pistil
B) Anther
C) Sepal
D) Stamen

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56. What is the term for the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots?

A) Parasitism
B) Mycorrhiza
C) Commensalism
D) Saprophyte

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57. Which type of plant can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere?

A) Legumes
B) Cacti
C) Orchids
D) Ferns

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58. What is the term for the vascular bundle arrangement in monocots?

A) Ring
B) Scattered
C) Centralized
D) Random

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59. What is the function of guard cells in plants?

A) Protect from predators
B) Open and close stomata
C) Transport water
D) Store food

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60. Which plant hormone is associated with seed dormancy?

A) Ethylene
B) Abscisic acid
C) Auxin
D) Cytokinin

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61. Which of the following is an example of a xerophyte?

A) Cactus
B) Water lily
C) Rose
D) Bamboo

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62. Which type of plant shows alternation of generations?

A) Gymnosperms
B) Angiosperms
C) Ferns
D) Mosses

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63. What is the term for a plant’s growth response to gravity?

A) Phototropism
B) Geotropism
C) Thigmotropism
D) Hydrotropism

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64. Which of the following plants is an example of a bryophyte?

A) Fern
B) Moss
C) Pine
D) Oak

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65. Which pigment protects plants from excessive sunlight?

A) Chlorophyll
B) Carotenoids
C) Xanthophyll
D) Phycocyanin

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66. What is the term for plants that do not produce flowers or seeds, such as ferns?

A) Gymnosperms
B) Angiosperms
C) Non-vascular plants
D) Cryptogams

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67. Which plant part is responsible for primary growth?

A) Cambium
B) Apical meristem
C) Lateral meristem
D) Cortex

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68. What is the term for the production of new plants from stems, roots, or leaves?

A) Sexual reproduction
B) Vegetative propagation
C) Pollination
D) Germination

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69. Which plant hormone is involved in leaf abscission (shedding)?

A) Auxin
B) Cytokinin
C) Abscisic acid
D) Ethylene

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70. Which part of the plant helps in the absorption of water and nutrients?

A) Root hairs
B) Stomata
C) Chloroplasts
D) Cuticle

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71. What is the protective outer layer of the seed called?

A) Endosperm
B) Cotyledon
C) Seed coat
D) Radicle

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72. What is the name of the process by which water is transported upward in plants?

A) Respiration
B) Capillary action
C) Transpiration pull
D) Diffusion

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73. What is the term for a fruit formed from a single flower with multiple ovaries?

A) Simple fruit
B) Aggregate fruit
C) Multiple fruit
D) Accessory fruit

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74. Which plant structure anchors it to the soil and stores nutrients?

A) Stem
B) Root
C) Leaf
D) Flower

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75. Which is NOT a characteristic of monocots?

A) Parallel leaf venation
B) Fibrous root system
C) Two cotyledons
D) Flower parts in multiples of three

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76. Which of the following is an example of a carnivorous plant?

A) Rose
B) Venus flytrap
C) Fern
D) Oak

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77. Which structure allows plants to exchange gases with their environment?

A) Stomata
B) Phloem
C) Cambium
D) Cortex

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78. Which plant organ is responsible for photosynthesis?

A) Stem
B) Leaf
C) Root
D) Flower

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79. What type of growth occurs at the tips of roots and shoots?

A) Secondary growth
B) Lateral growth
C) Primary growth
D) Radial growth

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80. What is the function of the plant’s endosperm?

A) Store food for the embryo
B) Protect the seed
C) Absorb water
D) Photosynthesize

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81. What is the reproductive structure of gymnosperms?

A) Flower
B) Cone
C) Leaf
D) Fruit

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82. Which plant structure contains the ovules?

A) Stamen
B) Anther
C) Ovary
D) Sepal

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83. What is the term for a stem that grows horizontally underground?

A) Rhizome
B) Tuber
C) Bulb
D) Corm

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84. Which plant hormone stimulates seed germination?

A) Auxin
B) Gibberellin
C) Cytokinin
D) Abscisic acid

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85. Which of the following is an example of a vascular plant?

A) Algae
B) Moss
C) Fern
D) Lichen

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86. What is the term for the waxy coating that covers leaves?

A) Epidermis
B) Cuticle
C) Cortex
D) Stomata

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87. Which type of reproduction occurs when pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovule of another plant?

A) Self-pollination
B) Cross-pollination
C) Vegetative propagation
D) Asexual reproduction

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88. What is the name of the plant tissue responsible for lateral growth?

A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Cambium
D) Cortex

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89. What is the term for plants that grow in salty environments?

A) Xerophytes
B) Halophytes
C) Mesophytes
D) Hydrophytes

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90. Which pigment is primarily involved in absorbing light for photosynthesis?

A) Carotene
B) Xanthophyll
C) Chlorophyll
D) Anthocyanin

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91. What is the term for the growth of a plant in response to light?

A) Geotropism
B) Thigmotropism
C) Phototropism
D) Hydrotropism

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92. Which plant structure is responsible for nutrient transport?

A) Cuticle
B) Phloem
C) Stomata
D) Guard cells

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93. Which process occurs when a seed begins to grow?

A) Germination
B) Pollination
C) Fertilization
D) Respiration

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94. Which of the following is an example of a dicot plant?

A) Grass
B) Maize
C) Rose
D) Bamboo

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95. What is the term for leaves that are modified to trap insects in carnivorous plants?

A) Tendrils
B) Spines
C) Trichomes
D) Pitchers

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96. What is the primary function of root hairs?

A) Store water
B) Anchor the plant
C) Absorb nutrients
D) Photosynthesis

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97. Which part of the flower produces pollen?

A) Stigma
B) Style
C) Anther
D) Ovary

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98. Which plant hormone promotes fruit ripening?

A) Auxin
B) Ethylene
C) Cytokinin
D) Gibberellin

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99. What type of plant reproduces by spores?

A) Ferns
B) Gymnosperms
C) Angiosperms
D) Conifers

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100. What is the name of the process by which plants lose water vapor?

A) Respiration
B) Transpiration
C) Germination
D) Pollination

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