51. What is the main characteristic of a “primary sector” economy?
A) Focus on manufacturing
B) Focus on services and technology
C) Focus on the extraction of raw materials
D) Focus on international trade
View AnswerC
52. Which of the following is a characteristic of commercial agriculture?
A) The production of crops for local consumption
B) Small-scale farming with minimal inputs
C) Large-scale farming for profit in a market economy
D) Farming based on subsistence needs
View AnswerC
53. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Industrial Revolution?
A) The use of steam power
B) The rise of factory-based production
C) The expansion of trade via sea routes
D) The decline of rural farming
View AnswerC
54. Which of the following is the primary focus of the field of political geography?
A) The study of human behavior in cities
B) The analysis of how political processes are influenced by geographic space
C) The distribution of natural resources
D) The physical processes shaping the Earth’s surface
View AnswerB
55. Which country is the largest producer of oil in the world as of 2023?
A) United States
B) Russia
C) Saudi Arabia
D) China
View AnswerA
56. The concept of a “nation-state” refers to a political entity where:
A) A state controls all economic resources
B) A nation’s culture and political boundaries coincide
C) Several nations coexist within a political boundary
D) A state is divided into many ethnic regions
View AnswerB
57. Which of the following describes the term “ethnic cleansing”?
A) The forced displacement of an ethnic group
B) The peaceful integration of diverse ethnic groups
C) The voluntary migration of an ethnic group
D) The peaceful coexistence of different ethnic groups
View AnswerA
58. What is the primary reason for ethnic conflicts in modern geopolitics?
A) Political disputes over territory
B) Cultural and religious differences
C) The quest for natural resources
D) Economic inequality
View AnswerB
59. Which of the following regions has been historically associated with the most frequent ethnic conflicts?
A) Europe
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) Southeast Asia
D) South America
View AnswerB
60. Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
A) Coal
B) Oil
C) Solar energy
D) Natural gas
View AnswerC
61. What is the principle factor in the formation of a rain shadow?
A) High levels of ocean evaporation
B) Windward and leeward mountain slopes
C) Ocean currents and wind patterns
D) High humidity levels over a region
View AnswerB
62. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the hydrological cycle?
A) Precipitation
B) Evaporation
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transpiration
View AnswerC
63. Which factor most directly affects the distribution of temperature on Earth?
A) Ocean currents
B) The angle of insolation
C) Air masses
D) Altitude
View AnswerB
64. The primary difference between “weather” and “climate” is:
A) Weather refers to long-term conditions, while climate refers to short-term conditions
B) Weather is the state of the atmosphere over a short period, while climate refers to long-term patterns
C) Weather refers to ocean conditions, while climate refers to atmospheric conditions
D) Weather includes wind, but climate does not
View AnswerB
65. The term “biogeography” refers to the study of:
A) The distribution of diseases across the world
B) The influence of climate on human populations
C) The relationship between organisms and their environments
D) The geographical distribution of industrial resources
View AnswerC
66. The term “sustainable development” emphasizes:
A) Maximizing economic growth at any cost
B) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations
C) Limiting technological advancements to protect nature
D) Achieving balance by reducing global population
View AnswerB
67. Which of the following types of precipitation results from the cooling of moist air as it rises?
A) Convectional rainfall
B) Orographic rainfall
C) Frontal rainfall
D) Cyclonic rainfall
View AnswerC
68. Which of the following best defines “urbanization”?
A) The migration of people from urban areas to rural areas
B) The growth and expansion of cities as a result of population migration
C) The spread of agricultural practices in urban areas
D) The development of new industries in rural areas
View AnswerB
69. The term “population pyramid” is used to describe:
A) The spread of diseases in a population
B) The age and sex distribution of a population
C) The total number of people in a given area
D) The genetic diversity within a population
View AnswerB
70. Which of the following is a characteristic of a “Stage 2” population in the demographic transition model?
A) High birth and death rates
B) Low birth rate and low death rate
C) High birth rate and declining death rate
D) Low birth rate and declining death rate
View AnswerC
71. The process of “suburbanization” refers to:
A) The growth of cities into surrounding areas
B) The development of rural areas
C) The migration from rural areas to urban centers
D) The consolidation of multiple urban areas into a single metropolitan area
View AnswerA
72. Which of the following countries has the highest population density?
A) India
B) United States
C) China
D) Bangladesh
View AnswerD
73. The distribution of natural resources across the world is primarily influenced by:
A) Human migration patterns
B) Geographic factors such as climate and terrain
C) Political decisions
D) Economic factors such as global trade
View AnswerB
74. Which of the following is an example of a tertiary sector activity?
A) Farming
B) Mining
C) Education
D) Manufacturing
View AnswerC
75. Which of the following is the most significant contributor to global deforestation?
A) Urbanization
B) Industrialization
C) Agricultural expansion
D) Mining activities
View AnswerC
76. The term “climate change” refers to:
A) Short-term changes in weather patterns
B) Long-term shifts in average weather conditions globally
C) Changes in precipitation over the course of a year
D) Seasonal fluctuations in global temperatures
View AnswerB
77. Which of the following is a major factor contributing to desertification?
A) Overgrazing by livestock
B) Deforestation
C) Mining activities
D) Urban expansion
View AnswerA
78. Which type of rainfall is associated with the rising of warm, moist air and its cooling at high altitudes?
A) Cyclonic rainfall
B) Frontal rainfall
C) Convectional rainfall
D) Orographic rainfall
View AnswerC
79. The Green Revolution refers to:
A) The global spread of organic farming
B) Advances in agricultural technology leading to increased food production
C) A reduction in chemical fertilizers used in farming
D) A global reduction in pesticide use
View AnswerB
80. Which of the following is an example of a “push factor” in migration?
A) Economic opportunities
B) Family reunification
C) War and conflict
D) Better quality of life
View AnswerC
81. Which of the following best describes the term “sustainable agriculture”?
A) Agriculture that focuses only on profit
B) Agriculture that uses high levels of chemical inputs
C) Agricultural practices that aim to protect the environment while being economically viable
D) Agriculture based on industrial practices
View AnswerC
82. What is the primary cause of soil erosion?
A) Overgrazing and deforestation
B) Urbanization
C) Pollution
D) Increase in agricultural production
View AnswerA
83. What is the main challenge of overpopulation?
A) Decreased economic opportunities
B) Increased demand for resources leading to depletion
C) Decline in technological innovation
D) Reduced agricultural productivity
View AnswerB
84. The process of “urban heat islands” refers to:
A) The cooling effect of cities compared to surrounding areas
B) The absorption of solar energy by buildings and roads causing higher temperatures in urban areas
C) The migration of rural populations into cities
D) The increase in rainfall in urban areas
View AnswerB
85. Which of the following is a negative impact of tourism on the environment?
A) Conservation of cultural heritage
B) Increased pollution and waste
C) Preservation of biodiversity
D) Economic development of local areas
View AnswerB
86. The term “cultural diffusion” refers to:
A) The spread of cultural beliefs and practices from one region to another
B) The formation of a distinct culture within a specific region
C) The integration of foreign languages into a local culture
D) The preservation of indigenous cultural traditions
View AnswerA
87. Which of the following is the best example of a commercial crop?
A) Wheat for personal consumption
B) Cotton grown for export
C) Rice grown in subsistence farming
D) Vegetables grown for local markets
View AnswerB
88. Which of the following is a feature of a “mega city”?
A) A city with a population of over one million people
B) A city with a rapidly growing population and infrastructure
C) A city located in an underdeveloped country
D) A city with low population density
View AnswerB
89. Which of the following best defines “globalization”?
A) The spread of political ideas across borders
B) The growing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world’s economies and cultures
C) The expansion of military alliances across the world
D) The dominance of one culture over all others
View AnswerB
90. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?
A) Increased soil fertility
B) More frequent extreme weather events
C) Lower global temperatures
D) Decreased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
View AnswerB
91. Which of the following best describes “urban sprawl”?
A) The spread of urban areas into surrounding rural regions
B) The rapid growth of agricultural production in cities
C) The concentration of industrial activity in one area
D) The movement of people from rural areas to larger cities
View AnswerA
92. Which of the following countries has the highest per capita carbon emissions?
A) China
B) United States
C) India
D) Russia
View AnswerB
93. The term “cultural landscape” refers to:
A) The natural features of the Earth’s surface
B) The relationship between human activity and the environment
C) A country’s cultural heritage
D) The preservation of indigenous cultures
View AnswerB
94. Which of the following is a major effect of deforestation?
A) Increased agricultural yields
B) Loss of biodiversity
C) Growth of urban areas
D) Improved air quality
View AnswerB
95. The term “rural-urban migration” refers to:
A) The movement of people from cities to rural areas
B) The movement of people from rural areas to cities
C) The expansion of industrial farming in rural areas
D) The development of agriculture in urban areas
View AnswerB
96. Which of the following is an example of a push factor in migration?
A) Economic opportunities
B) Political stability
C) Natural disasters
D) Higher wages
View AnswerC
97. Which of the following countries has a large proportion of its population living in urban areas?
A) India
B) Bangladesh
C) Nigeria
D) Japan
View AnswerD
98. The term “carrying capacity” refers to:
A) The number of people that can migrate to a country
B) The maximum population an environment can support without causing damage
C) The total number of resources available in a region
D) The amount of food produced by a region
View AnswerB
99. Which of the following best describes the term “sustainable development”?
A) Development that uses non-renewable resources at an accelerating rate
B) Development that focuses only on economic growth
C) Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations
D) Development that avoids the use of new technology
View AnswerC