MDCAT Aldehydes and Ketones MCQs

A) Methanol
B) Ethanol
C) Acetaldehyde
D) Propanal

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2. Which functional group characterizes aldehydes?

A) Hydroxyl
B) Carbonyl
C) Carboxyl
D) Amino

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3. What is the common name for CH3COCH3?

A) Acetone
B) Ethanol
C) Propan-2-one
D) Butanal

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4. Which of the following is a method for preparing aldehydes?

A) Oxidation of primary alcohols
B) Reduction of carboxylic acids
C) Dehydration of alcohols
D) Hydrolysis of nitriles

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5. What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and a Grignard reagent?

A) Ketone
B) Alcohol
C) Ester
D) Alkane

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6. Which reagent is used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes?

A) H2SO4
B) KMnO4
C) PCC
D) NaBH4

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7. Which reaction involves the addition of hydrogen cyanide to an aldehyde?

A) Nucleophilic substitution
B) Nucleophilic addition
C) Elimination
D) Oxidation

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8. What is the simplest ketone?

A) Propan-2-one
B) Butan-2-one
C) Acetone
D) Hexan-2-one

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9. How are ketones named in IUPAC nomenclature?

A) By replacing the suffix “-e” with “-al”
B) By replacing the suffix “-e” with “-one”
C) By adding “-one” to the prefix
D) By using the prefix “oxo-”

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10. Which of the following reactions can produce a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?

A) Reduction
B) Oxidation
C) Dehydration
D) Halogenation

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11. Which of the following is not a property of aldehydes?

A) Strong odors
B) Reactivity with oxidizing agents
C) Presence of a hydroxyl group
D) Ability to form hemiacetals

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12. What type of reaction occurs when aldehydes react with alcohols?

A) Addition
B) Elimination
C) Substitution
D) Rearrangement

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13. Which of the following compounds can form a stable enolate?

A) Aldehyde
B) Ketone
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

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14. What is the result of the aldol condensation reaction?

A) Formation of an alcohol
B) Formation of a carbonyl compound
C) Formation of an ether
D) Formation of an alkane

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15. Which of the following aldehydes is a flavoring agent?

A) Formaldehyde
B) Benzaldehyde
C) Propanal
D) Butyraldehyde

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16. What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid?

A) Alcohol
B) Ester
C) Ketone
D) Ether

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17. What is the primary product when acetaldehyde is oxidized?

A) Acetic acid
B) Propanoic acid
C) Ethanol
D) Methanol

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18. Which reagent can reduce aldehydes to primary alcohols?

A) H2
B) NaBH4
C) LiAlH4
D) Both B and C

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19. Which of the following is a characteristic reaction of aldehydes?

A) Friedel-Crafts acylation
B) Aldol condensation
C) Diels-Alder reaction
D) Electrophilic aromatic substitution

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20. Which of the following ketones has a higher boiling point?

A) Propan-2-one
B) Butan-2-one
C) 2-Pentanone
D) Hexan-2-one

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21. What is the IUPAC name for the ketone with the formula C5H10O?

A) Pentan-2-one
B) Butan-2-one
C) 3-Pentanone
D) Propan-2-one

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22. What is the effect of branching on the boiling points of aldehydes and ketones?

A) Increases boiling point
B) Decreases boiling point
C) No effect
D) Depends on molecular weight

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23. What happens when an aldehyde is treated with an alcohol in the presence of an acid?

A) Reduction
B) Oxidation
C) Hemiacetal formation
D) Ether formation

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24. What is the result of the reaction between formaldehyde and ammonia?

A) Urea
B) Benzaldehyde
C) Hexamine
D) Amine

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25. Which reagent is commonly used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?

A) Sodium bicarbonate
B) Tollens’ reagent
C) HCl
D) NaOH

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26. Which aldehyde is known for its pungent smell and is often used in the manufacture of resins?

A) Benzaldehyde
B) Formaldehyde
C) Acetaldehyde
D) Butyraldehyde

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27. What is the mechanism of the reaction between aldehydes and Grignard reagents?

A) Electrophilic substitution
B) Nucleophilic addition
C) Rearrangement
D) Elimination

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28. What is formed when an aldehyde undergoes a reaction with hydrogen cyanide?

A) Nitrile
B) Hydroxynitrile
C) Ketone
D) Ether

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29. Which of the following ketones is used as a solvent and nail polish remover?

A) Butanone
B) Acetone
C) Cyclohexanone
D) 2-Pentanone

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30. Which reagent is used in the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids?

A) LiAlH4
B) KMnO4
C) H2
D) NaBH4

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31. Which compound is produced when an aldehyde is reacted with a primary amine?

A) Imine
B) Amide
C) Amine
D) Alkane

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32. What is the major product of the reaction of propanal with sodium borohydride?

A) Propan-2-ol
B) Propan-1-ol
C) Propanoic acid
D) 1-Propylamine

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33. What type of compound is benzaldehyde?

A) Aldehyde
B) Ketone
C) Alcohol
D) Carboxylic acid

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34. Which of the following is a characteristic property of ketones?

A) More polar than aldehydes
B) Easily oxidized
C) Higher boiling points than aldehydes
D) Can form hydrogen bonds

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35. Which compound can be prepared by the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?

A) Aldehyde
B) Ketone
C) Ether
D) Carboxylic acid

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36. What type of reaction do aldehydes typically undergo with hydrazine?

A) Reduction
B) Condensation
C) Oxidation
D) Addition

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37. Which of the following is an example of an aromatic aldehyde?

A) Acetaldehyde
B) Formaldehyde
C) Benzaldehyde
D) Propan-1-al

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38. How are carboxylic acids derived from aldehydes?

A) By reduction
B) By hydrolysis
C) By oxidation
D) By substitution

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39. Which ketone is commonly used in the production of plastics?

A) Acetone
B) Butanone
C) Cyclopentanone
D) 2-Pentanone

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40. What is the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and a thiol?

A) Thioester
B) Thioacetal
C) Sulfide
D) Disulfide

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41. Which compound is a result of the oxidation of benzyl alcohol?

A) Benzaldehyde
B) Benzoic acid
C) Acetophenone
D) Benzyl acetate

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42. Which of the following statements is true regarding aldehydes?

A) They cannot form hydrogen bonds.
B) They are typically less reactive than ketones.
C) They have a higher boiling point than alcohols of similar molecular weight.
D) They can undergo oxidation to form carboxylic acids.

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43. What is the primary use of acetaldehyde?

A) Solvent
B) Flavoring agent
C) Intermediate in chemical synthesis
D) Fuel

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44. Which reaction will convert an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?

A) Reduction with LiAlH4
B) Oxidation with CrO3
C) Dehydration with H2SO4
D) Nitration with HNO3

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45. What is the name of the compound formed when a ketone reacts with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst?

A) Ether
B) Aldehyde
C) Hemiacetal
D) Acetal

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46. Which of the following is a method to prepare ketones?

A) Dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols
B) Reduction of aldehydes
C) Hydrolysis of esters
D) All of the above

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47. What type of aldehyde is typically used in perfumery?

A) Aromatic
B) Aliphatic
C) Saturated
D) Unsaturated

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48. Which of the following compounds can be prepared from acetic acid?

A) Acetaldehyde
B) Acetone
C) Propan-2-one
D) Butan-2-one

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49. Which of the following is a characteristic reaction of ketones?

A) Formation of oximes
B) Reduction to alcohols
C) Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon
D) All of the above

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50. Which ketone is a common solvent and nail polish remover?

A) Butanone
B) Acetone
C) Cyclohexanone
D) 2-Pentanone

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51. What is the IUPAC name for the ketone with the formula C3H6O?

A) Propan-2-one
B) Butan-2-one
C) Ethanol
D) 3-Pentanone

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52. Which aldehyde is known as formalin in its aqueous solution?

A) Acetaldehyde
B) Benzaldehyde
C) Formaldehyde
D) Propanal

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53. What happens when an aldehyde is treated with excess Grignard reagent?

A) Alcohol formation
B) Ketone formation
C) Ester formation
D) No reaction

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54. Which reagent can reduce both aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols?

A) H2
B) LiAlH4
C) NaBH4
D) All of the above

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55. Which of the following is the product of a condensation reaction between two molecules of an aldehyde?

A) Aldol
B) Ketone
C) Ether
D) Carboxylic acid

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56. What is the primary product of the reaction of propan-2-one with an alcohol?

A) Ether
B) Aldehyde
C) Ketone
D) Alcohol

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57. Which of the following compounds is an example of a cyclic ketone?

A) Cyclopentanone
B) Acetone
C) Benzaldehyde
D) Butanone

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58. Which aldehyde is used as a preservative in biological laboratories?

A) Acetaldehyde
B) Formaldehyde
C) Butyraldehyde
D) Propanal

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59. Which of the following methods can be used to synthesize aldehydes?

A) Reduction of esters
B) Hydrolysis of nitriles
C) Hydrolysis of amides
D) All of the above

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60. Which reaction will not result in the formation of an aldehyde?

A) Oxidation of primary alcohols
B) Reduction of carboxylic acids
C) Ozonolysis of alkenes
D) Hydrolysis of nitriles

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61. Which functional group is characteristic of carboxylic acids?

A) Hydroxyl
B) Carbonyl
C) Carboxyl
D) Amino

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62. Which aldehyde is commonly used in the synthesis of perfumes?

A) Acetaldehyde
B) Benzaldehyde
C) Formaldehyde
D) Propanal

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63. What is the primary product formed when an aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid?

A) Hemiacetal
B) Alcohol
C) Ester
D) Acid

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64. Which reagent can oxidize both aldehydes and alcohols?

A) NaBH4
B) KMnO4
C) H2
D) LiAlH4

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65. What is the by-product of the reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol?

A) Ether
B) Ketone
C) Aldol
D) Acetal

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66. Which aldehyde is used in the production of plastics and resins?

A) Acetaldehyde
B) Formaldehyde
C) Butyraldehyde
D) Benzaldehyde

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67. Which reaction involves the addition of a nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde?

A) Electrophilic substitution
B) Nucleophilic addition
C) Elimination
D) Rearrangement

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68. Which of the following statements about ketones is false?

A) Ketones can be formed from aldehydes.
B) Ketones have higher boiling points than aldehydes.
C) Ketones can undergo oxidation reactions.
D) Ketones can participate in nucleophilic addition reactions.

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69. Which of the following compounds can be oxidized to a ketone?

A) Primary alcohol
B) Secondary alcohol
C) Tertiary alcohol
D) Aldehyde

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70. What is the primary method for synthesizing aldehydes from alcohols?

A) Reduction
B) Oxidation
C) Hydrolysis
D) Halogenation

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71. Which of the following can act as a nucleophile in the reaction with an aldehyde?

A) Water
B) Alcohol
C) Amine
D) All of the above

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72. What is the product of the reaction between a ketone and a primary amine?

A) Imine
B) Amide
C) Aldol
D) Hemiacetal

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73. Which of the following is a characteristic reaction of aldehydes?

A) Nucleophilic substitution
B) Nucleophilic addition
C) Electrophilic addition
D) Elimination

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74. Which reaction converts a ketone to an alcohol?

A) Hydrogenation
B) Ozonolysis
C) Hydrolysis
D) Halogenation

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75. What is the product of the reaction of an aldehyde with ammonia?

A) Imine
B) Amide
C) Aldol
D) Ester

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76. Which reagent can selectively oxidize aldehydes?

A) H2O2
B) NaBH4
C) KMnO4
D) Ag2O

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77. What is the structure of formaldehyde?

A) H2CO
B) C2H4O
C) CH3CHO
D) C3H6O

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78. Which of the following compounds is known as a reducing sugar?

A) Sucrose
B) Fructose
C) Glucose
D) Maltose

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79. What is the result of the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?

A) Ketone
B) Aldehyde
C) Ester
D) Alcohol

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80. Which compound is known as acetone?

A) Propan-1-ol
B) Propan-2-one
C) Butan-1-ol
D) Butan-2-one

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81. What is the IUPAC name for the aldehyde with the formula C4H8O?

A) Butanal
B) Pentanal
C) Propanal
D) 2-Butenal

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82. Which of the following is a typical reaction for aldehydes when treated with Grignard reagents?

A) Reduction to alcohols
B) Formation of imines
C) Formation of ketones
D) Oxidation to carboxylic acids

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83. What is the primary product of the reaction of an aldehyde with sodium borohydride (NaBH4)?

A) Ketone
B) Alcohol
C) Carboxylic acid
D) Hemiacetal

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84. Which ketone is commonly used as a solvent in laboratories?

A) Acetone
B) Benzophenone
C) Butanone
D) Cyclohexanone

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85. What is the main by-product when an aldehyde reacts with alcohol in acidic conditions?

A) Ketone
B) Hemiacetal
C) Acetal
D) Ether

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86. Which of the following aldehydes is used in the manufacture of perfumes?

A) Acetaldehyde
B) Benzaldehyde
C) Formaldehyde
D) Propanal

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87. What is the general formula for aldehydes?

A) CnH2nO
B) CnH2n+1CHO
C) CnH2n+2O
D) CnH2nO2

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88. What is the product of the reaction of a ketone with a secondary amine?

A) Imine
B) Amide
C) Aldol
D) Hemiacetal

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89. Which of the following statements is true regarding ketones?

A) They cannot form hydrogen bonds with themselves.
B) They are generally more polar than aldehydes.
C) They are less reactive than aldehydes in nucleophilic addition reactions.
D) They have a lower boiling point than aldehydes of similar molecular weight.

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90. Which reagent is used to selectively oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes?

A) KMnO4
B) H2O2
C) CrO3
D) Ag2O

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91. What is the product of the oxidation of propan-1-ol?

A) Propanal
B) Propan-2-one
C) Acetic acid
D) Propan-1-one

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92. Which of the following can be prepared from the oxidation of butanol?

A) Butanal
B) Butanone
C) Both A and B
D) Butyric acid

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93. What type of reaction occurs when an aldehyde is reduced?

A) Oxidation
B) Hydrolysis
C) Condensation
D) Alcohol formation

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94. Which of the following compounds can be obtained by the ozonolysis of alkenes?

A) Carboxylic acids
B) Aldehydes and ketones
C) Alcohols
D) Ethers

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95. What is the product of the reaction between acetic acid and formaldehyde?

A) Acetaldehyde
B) Glycolic acid
C) Acetic anhydride
D) An ester

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96. Which reaction will not result in the formation of a ketone?

A) Oxidation of secondary alcohols
B) Reduction of carboxylic acids
C) Ozonolysis of alkenes
D) Hydrolysis of nitriles

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97. Which of the following is a characteristic property of ketones?

A) Strong acidic nature
B) High reactivity towards electrophiles
C) Lower boiling points than alcohols of similar molecular weight
D) Formation of enols in reaction with water

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98. What happens when a ketone is subjected to mild oxidation?

A) It forms an aldehyde.
B) It remains unchanged.
C) It forms a carboxylic acid.
D) It forms a hemiacetal.

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99. Which reagent is commonly used for the conversion of aldehydes into alcohols?

A) NaBH4
B) H2SO4
C) KMnO4
D) LiAlH4

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100. What is the characteristic functional group present in aldehydes?

A) Hydroxyl
B) Carbonyl
C) Carboxyl
D) Amine

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