A) To increase the speed of computations
B) To reduce power consumption
C) To simplify programming
D) To minimize data transfer
View AnswerA
2. Which of the following is a parallel computing model?
A) Task parallelism
B) Data parallelism
C) Pipeline parallelism
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
3. In distributed computing, what does “latency” refer to?
A) The speed of data transfer
B) The delay before a transfer of data begins
C) The bandwidth of the connection
D) The reliability of data transmission
View AnswerB
4. What is a common example of parallel processing hardware?
A) Microcontrollers
B) GPUs (Graphics Processing Units)
C) Hard drives
D) Network routers
View AnswerB
5. What is Amdahl’s Law primarily concerned with?
A) The maximum improvement of a system
B) The efficiency of algorithms
C) The cost of hardware
D) The speed of networks
View AnswerA
6. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of distributed computing?
A) Improved fault tolerance
B) Increased processing power
C) Reduced data redundancy
D) Greater resource sharing
View AnswerC
7. What is the main function of a load balancer in a distributed system?
A) To increase data storage capacity
B) To distribute workloads across multiple resources
C) To manage network security
D) To enhance data redundancy
View AnswerB
8. Which programming model is commonly used for parallel computing?
A) Object-oriented programming
B) Functional programming
C) Message passing
D) Procedural programming
View AnswerC
9. In the context of parallel computing, what does “scalability” refer to?
A) The ability to increase hardware without changing the software
B) The ability to run on multiple types of hardware
C) The ability to handle increasing workloads by adding resources
D) The ability to maintain performance under heavy load
View AnswerC
10. What is a distributed file system?
A) A file system that operates on a single computer
B) A system that allows multiple users to access files from different locations
C) A system that encrypts files for security
D) A backup solution for data recovery
View AnswerB
11. Which of the following algorithms is often used in parallel computing?
A) Merge Sort
B) Depth-first Search
C) Dijkstra’s Algorithm
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
12. In distributed systems, what is a “node”?
A) A data packet
B) A point of connection in a network
C) A type of algorithm
D) A software application
View AnswerB
13. What is “synchronous communication” in the context of distributed systems?
A) Communication that occurs simultaneously
B) Communication that can happen at any time
C) Communication that requires a response
D) Communication that does not require a network connection
View AnswerA
14. Which of the following is a type of parallel architecture?
A) Shared memory
B) Distributed memory
C) Hybrid
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
15. What is the main purpose of inter process communication (IPC) in parallel computing?
A) To improve system security
B) To allow processes to communicate and synchronize
C) To enhance data redundancy
D) To manage network traffic
View AnswerB
16. Which term describes the situation where processes are waiting indefinitely for a resource?
A) Starvation
B) Deadlock
C) Race condition
D) Bottleneck
View AnswerB
17. What is the role of middleware in distributed systems?
A) To manage hardware resources
B) To facilitate communication and data management between applications
C) To provide security features
D) To monitor network performance
View AnswerB
18. In parallel computing, what is meant by “granularity”?
A) The size of the data packets
B) The level of detail in a computation
C) The size of tasks in a parallel algorithm
D) The speed of processing
View AnswerC
19. What type of problem is best suited for parallel computing?
A) I/O bound problems
B) Problems with high data dependency
C) Problems that can be divided into independent subproblems
D) Problems requiring complex data structures
View AnswerC
20. Which of the following protocols is commonly used in distributed systems for communication?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
21. What is the primary challenge of programming in parallel computing environments?
A) Ensuring compatibility with all hardware
B) Managing data dependencies and synchronization
C) Writing more lines of code
D) Maintaining backward compatibility
View AnswerB
22. What does the term “fault tolerance” mean in distributed computing?
A) The ability to recover from hardware failures
B) The ability to handle a fixed number of errors
C) The ability to detect and eliminate errors
D) The ability to maintain performance without errors
View AnswerA
23. Which of the following is a characteristic of shared memory systems?
A) Each process has its own memory space
B) All processes share a common memory space
C) Communication is done through message passing
D) They are limited to single-node architectures
View AnswerB
24. What is a “worker node” in a distributed computing environment?
A) A node that manages the network
B) A node that performs computations
C) A node that stores data
D) A node that provides security
View AnswerB
25. What does the “MapReduce” programming model do?
A) Distributes tasks among multiple nodes
B) Combines data processing with storage
C) Splits large data sets into smaller tasks and processes them in parallel
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
26. What is “load shedding” in the context of distributed computing?
A) Distributing workloads evenly among nodes
B) Ignoring less critical tasks to reduce load on the system
C) Balancing the load in a network
D) Increasing the resources of a node
View AnswerB
27. Which of the following is an example of a distributed computing platform?
A) Amazon Web Services (AWS)
B) Google Cloud Platform
C) Microsoft Azure
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
28. What is “data locality” in distributed computing?
A) Storing data far from where it is processed
B) Keeping data near the computation to reduce latency
C) Distributing data evenly across all nodes
D) None of the above
View AnswerB
29. In parallel computing, what is a “task queue”?
A) A list of tasks that need to be executed
B) A method of scheduling tasks
C) A data structure used for communication
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
30. What is the purpose of a “scheduling algorithm” in parallel computing?
A) To manage memory resources
B) To allocate tasks to available resources
C) To optimize data transfer rates
D) To ensure data redundancy
View AnswerB
31. In the context of distributed systems, what does “replication” refer to?
A) Duplicating data across multiple nodes for reliability
B) Creating multiple versions of an application
C) Storing data in different formats
D) Compressing data for storage
View AnswerA
32. What is a “cluster” in distributed computing?
A) A single powerful computer
B) A group of connected computers working together
C) A software application for managing resources
D) A data storage solution
View AnswerB
33. Which of the following describes “event-driven programming”?
A) The program responds to events or changes in state
B) The program runs in a continuous loop
C) The program executes a predetermined sequence of operations
D) The program ignores user input
View AnswerA
34. What is the significance of “barrier synchronization” in parallel computing?
A) It prevents race conditions
B) It ensures all processes reach a certain point before proceeding
C) It optimizes data transfer
D) It reduces computational errors
View AnswerB
35. What does the term “interoperability” mean in distributed systems?
A) The ability of different systems to communicate and work together
B) The ability to store data in multiple formats
C) The ability to transfer files between systems
D) The ability to replicate data
View AnswerA
36. In parallel processing, what does “task partitioning” refer to?
A) Dividing a task into smaller sub-tasks for parallel execution
B) Allocating memory to processes
C) Assigning priorities to tasks
D) Combining results from different tasks
View AnswerA
37. Which of the following is a common challenge in distributed computing?
A) Scalability
B) Network latency
C) Data consistency
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
38. What does “sharding” mean in database management?
A) Splitting a database into smaller, manageable pieces
B) Backing up data for recovery
C) Encrypting sensitive data
D) Merging multiple databases into one
View AnswerA
39. Which of the following best describes a “peer-to-peer” network?
A) A centralized server controls all communication
B) All nodes have equal privileges and can communicate directly
C) It requires a client-server architecture
D) It is limited to small networks
View AnswerB
40. What is a “distributed database”?
A) A database that resides on a single server
B) A database spread across multiple locations and connected by a network
C) A backup solution for databases
D) A database that stores data in different formats
View AnswerB
41. What does “data consistency” refer to in distributed systems?
A) Ensuring that all copies of data are the same across all nodes
B) Maintaining data integrity during transfers
C) The ability to query data without errors
D) Reducing data duplication
View AnswerA
42. Which of the following is a common method for ensuring fault tolerance in distributed systems?
A) Replication of data
B) Increasing bandwidth
C) Using centralized control
D) Ignoring errors
View AnswerA
43. What is the “client-server” model in distributed computing?
A) A model where one or more clients request services from a central server
B) A model where all nodes communicate directly
C) A model limited to single-user applications
D) A model that requires high bandwidth
View AnswerA
44. What is “message passing” in parallel computing?
A) A method of transferring data between processes
B) A technique for synchronizing tasks
C) A way to increase processing speed
D) A type of encryption
View AnswerA
45. Which of the following is an example of a parallel computing framework?
A) TensorFlow
B) Hadoop
C) Apache Spark
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
46. What is the purpose of “deadlock detection”?
A) To monitor network traffic
B) To identify and resolve deadlocks in a system
C) To optimize resource allocation
D) To ensure data security
View AnswerB
47. What does “throughput” refer to in distributed systems?
A) The amount of data processed in a given time
B) The speed of individual processes
C) The reliability of data transmission
D) The latency of network connections
View AnswerA
48. Which of the following can be a bottleneck in distributed computing?
A) Network latency
B) Insufficient memory
C) CPU limitations
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
49. What is “serialization” in the context of distributed systems?
A) The process of converting data into a format suitable for transmission
B) The process of combining multiple data streams
C) The method of ensuring data consistency
D) The technique of compressing data
View AnswerA
50. In parallel computing, what is a “barrier”?
A) A point at which all processes must stop until a condition is met
B) A method for encrypting data
C) A type of synchronization
D) A way to allocate resources
View AnswerA
51. What is the main function of a “scheduler” in a parallel processing system?
A) To monitor system performance
B) To allocate tasks to processing units
C) To manage data storage
D) To ensure security
View AnswerB
52. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of distributed systems?
A) High availability
B) Single point of failure
C) Scalability
D) Resource sharing
View AnswerB
53. What does “event sourcing” involve in distributed systems?
A) Storing the state of an application as a sequence of events
B) Collecting user data for analysis
C) Creating backups of data
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
54. What is the purpose of a “task manager” in parallel computing?
A) To prioritize tasks for execution
B) To allocate memory
C) To handle user input
D) To manage system resources
View AnswerA
55. What does “horizontal scaling” mean?
A) Adding more resources to a single node
B) Increasing the number of nodes in a system
C) Improving processing speed
D) Reducing latency
View AnswerB
56. Which of the following is a common data storage model in distributed computing?
A) Key-Value Store
B) Document Store
C) Column-family Store
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
57. What is “concurrency” in the context of parallel computing?
A) The ability to execute multiple tasks simultaneously
B) The ability to run tasks in sequence
C) The process of managing resources
D) The ability to synchronize tasks
View AnswerA
58. What is the purpose of a “network protocol” in distributed systems?
A) To define the rules for data communication
B) To manage user permissions
C) To store data securely
D) To optimize processing speed
View AnswerA
59. What is “virtualization” in computing?
A) The creation of virtual instances of hardware or software
B) The process of combining data from multiple sources
C) The method of compressing data
D) The technique of encrypting data
View AnswerA
60. In parallel computing, what is a “task graph”?
A) A visual representation of tasks and their dependencies
B) A list of tasks to be completed
C) A method of organizing data
D) A type of algorithm
View AnswerA
61. What is the main advantage of using a “microservices” architecture?
A) Enhanced security
B) Scalability and flexibility in deploying services
C) Simplicity of design
D) Reduced development time
View AnswerB
62. What does “resource contention” refer to?
A) Competition between processes for the same resources
B) The efficient allocation of resources
C) The process of reducing resource usage
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
63. In distributed systems, what is “data sharding”?
A) Partitioning data across multiple servers
B) Backing up data
C) Encrypting sensitive information
D) Merging databases
View AnswerA
64. What does the term “big data” refer to?
A) Large volumes of data that can be processed using traditional methods
B) Data that is structured and easily managed
C) Extremely large and complex data sets that require specialized processing
D) None of the above
View AnswerC
65. Which of the following tools is commonly used for big data processing?
A) Hadoop
B) Microsoft Excel
C) MySQL
D) Adobe Photoshop
View AnswerA
66. What is “cloud computing”?
A) Using remote servers to store, manage, and process data
B) Hosting applications on local servers
C) Running applications on individual computers
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
67. What is the main advantage of using a content delivery network (CDN)?
A) Faster access to content by distributing it across multiple locations
B) Increased storage capacity
C) Enhanced security measures
D) Simplified network management
View AnswerA
68. What does “CAP theorem” state?
A) It is impossible for a distributed data store to simultaneously provide all three of the following: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.
B) It describes the performance limits of a database.
C) It focuses on data redundancy.
D) It outlines the methods for data encryption.
View AnswerA
69. What is a “data lake”?
A) A centralized repository for structured data only
B) A storage system that holds vast amounts of raw data in its native format until it is needed
C) A database that stores only unstructured data
D) A backup system for data recovery
View AnswerB
70. In distributed systems, what does “consensus” refer to?
A) The agreement between multiple nodes on the state of the system
B) The decision-making process in centralized systems
C) The process of allocating tasks
D) The method of data replication
View AnswerA
71. What is “event-driven architecture”?
A) A software architecture pattern promoting the production, detection, consumption of, and reaction to events.
B) An architecture focused on processing data in batches.
C) An architecture that relies solely on user input.
D) None of the above.
View AnswerA
72. What is a “singleton” in distributed systems?
A) A design pattern ensuring only one instance of a class exists
B) A type of database
C) A method of data encryption
D) A network protocol
View AnswerA
73. What is “data governance”?
A) The management of data availability, usability, integrity, and security
B) The process of creating data backups
C) The method of transferring data
D) The procedure for cleaning data
View AnswerA
74. In the context of distributed systems, what does “eventual consistency” mean?
A) All nodes will eventually reflect the same data state
B) Data will always be immediately consistent across nodes
C) Only one node can modify data at a time
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
75. What is a “task scheduler”?
A) A tool that automatically manages the execution of tasks
B) A method for prioritizing tasks
C) A program that monitors network traffic
D) A tool for data analysis
View AnswerA
76. What is “asynchronous communication”?
A) Communication where processes do not need to wait for each other
B) Communication that occurs simultaneously
C) Communication requiring immediate response
D) Communication that can only happen in sequence
View AnswerA
77. Which of the following is a benefit of using microservices?
A) Reduced complexity in deployments
B) Improved fault isolation
C) Faster deployment cycles
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
78. What does “network partition” refer to in distributed systems?
A) A situation where communication between nodes is interrupted
B) The division of network resources
C) A method of enhancing security
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
79. What is “graph processing” in the context of parallel computing?
A) Processing data that is represented in graph structures
B) Analyzing trends in large datasets
C) Creating visual representations of data
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
80. What is the primary function of a “database administrator” (DBA)?
A) To design and manage databases
B) To ensure data security
C) To optimize query performance
D) All of the above
View AnswerD
81. What is the “message queue” used for in distributed systems?
A) To store messages that are waiting to be processed
B) To manage user requests
C) To distribute files
D) To secure data
View AnswerA
82. What does “service discovery” refer to in microservices architecture?
A) The process of locating services in a distributed environment
B) The method of creating new services
C) The ability to replicate services
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
83. Which of the following is an advantage of using cloud services?
A) Elastic scalability
B) High upfront costs
C) Limited accessibility
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
84. What does “containerization” refer to in cloud computing?
A) Packaging an application and its dependencies into a single unit
B) Storing data in containers
C) Running applications on virtual machines
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
85. In distributed computing, what is “network latency”?
A) The delay in data transmission over the network
B) The speed of data transfer
C) The capacity of the network
D) The security of the network
View AnswerA
86. What is a “distributed ledger”?
A) A database that is shared and synchronized across multiple sites
B) A method of securing data
C) A data backup solution
D) A centralized database
View AnswerA
87. What is “load balancing”?
A) The process of distributing workloads across multiple resources to ensure optimal resource use
B) The technique of minimizing data storage
C) The method of securing data
D) The ability to increase memory capacity
View AnswerA
88. What does “elasticity” in cloud computing refer to?
A) The ability to scale resources up or down according to demand
B) The capability to compress data
C) The method of securing applications
D) The speed of data transfer
View AnswerA
89. Which of the following describes “big O notation”?
A) A method for describing the performance of an algorithm
B) A tool for managing databases
C) A way to measure data storage capacity
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
90. What does “hot swapping” refer to in computing?
A) Replacing components without shutting down the system
B) Running multiple applications simultaneously
C) Upgrading software without user input
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
91. What is a “virtual private cloud” (VPC)?
A) A private cloud environment within a public cloud
B) A separate server for each user
C) A method of encrypting data
D) A type of public cloud
View AnswerA
92. What is the primary purpose of “data encryption”?
A) To protect sensitive information from unauthorized access
B) To increase data storage capacity
C) To speed up data transfer
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
93. What is “data mining”?
A) The process of discovering patterns in large data sets
B) The method of backing up data
C) The analysis of structured data only
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
94. Which of the following is a distributed database system?
A) MySQL
B) Cassandra
C) SQLite
D) Oracle
View AnswerB
95. What does “API” stand for in computing?
A) Application Programming Interface
B) Automated Program Integration
C) Application Process Interference
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
96. What is the primary purpose of “data replication”?
A) To ensure data availability and reliability across multiple nodes
B) To compress data for storage
C) To increase processing speed
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
97. What does “grid computing” refer to?
A) The use of a network of computers to work on a task simultaneously
B) The centralized processing of data
C) The storage of data in grid patterns
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
98. Which of the following best describes “real-time processing”?
A) Processing data as it becomes available
B) Processing data in batches
C) Delayed processing of data
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
99. What is the purpose of a “performance monitoring tool”?
A) To track the performance and health of systems
B) To manage user access
C) To back up data
D) None of the above
View AnswerA
100. In distributed systems, what does “resource allocation” involve?
A) Assigning resources to various processes or tasks
B) Distributing tasks to nodes
C) Monitoring network traffic
D) None of the above
View AnswerA